Conventional Electrodialysis (ED)

Conventional electrodialysis uses an electrical potential to move dissolved ions (salts) through selective ion-exchange membranes, separating them from the water. Cation-exchange membranes allow positively charged ions to pass through, while anion-exchange membranes allow negatively charged ions to pass through, leaving desalinated water behind.

• Applications: Brackish water desalination, industrial wastewater treatment, and water softening in municipal or industrial systems.

• Advantages: Energy-efficient for treating low- to medium-salinity water (e.g., brackish water), lower energy consumption than Reverse Osmosis (RO) for brackish water, and high recovery rates with reduced brine production.