Indirect Potable Reuse (IPR)

In indirect potable reuse, treated wastewater is introduced into an environmental buffer (such as a groundwater aquifer, reservoir, or river) before being extracted, further treated, and used as drinking water. The environmental buffer provides an additional layer of safety and natural treatment.

• Applications: Municipal water supplies, groundwater recharge projects, and reservoir replenishment, particularly in areas facing intermittent drought or water scarcity.

• Advantages: Increases groundwater recharge, provides an additional safety buffer, and supports sustainable water management practices.