Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) Desalination

MSF desalination is a widely used thermal process that involves heating seawater and allowing it to flash evaporate in multiple stages under reduced pressure. The steam produced in each stage is condensed to produce freshwater.

• Applications: Large-scale municipal desalination plants, particularly in regions with high energy availability (e.g., Middle East, North Africa).

• Advantages: Suitable for large-scale desalination, highly reliable for continuous operation, and integrates well with power plants to utilize waste heat.